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Demonstration and Comparison of Operation of Photomultiplier Tubes at Liquid Argon Temperature

机译:光电倍增管运行的演示与比较   液体氩气温度

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摘要

Liquified noble gases are widely used as a target in direct Dark Mattersearches. Signals from scintillation in the liquid, following energy depositionfrom the recoil nuclei scattered by Dark Matter particles (e.g. WIMPs), shouldbe recorded down to very low energies by photosensors suitably designed tooperate at cryogenic temperatures. Liquid Argon based detectors for Dark Mattersearches currently implement photo multiplier tubes for signal read-out. In thelast few years PMTs with photocathodes operating down to liquid Argontemperatures (87 K) have been specially developed with increasing QuantumEfficiency characteristics. The most recent of these, Hamamatsu Photonics Mod.R11065 with peak QE up to about 35%, has been extensively tested within the R&Dprogram of the WArP Collaboration. During these testes the Hamamatsu PMTsshowed superb performance and allowed obtaining a light yield around 7phel/keVee in a Liquid Argon detector with a photocathodic coverage in the 12%range, sufficient for detection of events down to few keVee of energydeposition. This shows that this new type of PMT is suited for experimentalapplications, in particular for new direct Dark Matter searches with LAr-basedexperiments.
机译:在直接的暗物质研究中,液化稀有气体被广泛用作目标。来自暗物质粒子(例如WIMP)散射的反冲核的能量沉积之后,液体中闪烁的信号应通过适合在低温下工作的光电传感器记录到非常低的能量。用于暗物质研究的基于液态氩的检测器目前使用光电倍增管进行信号读取。在最近几年中,已经开发出具有在低的氩气温度(87 K)下工作的光阴极的PMT,具有提高的量子效率特性。其中最新的Hameatsu Photonics Mod.R11065,QE峰值高达35%,已经在WArP协作的R&D程序中进行了广泛的测试。在这些测试中,滨松PMT表现出了卓越的性能,并在液阴极检测器中获得了7phel / keVee的光产率,光阴极覆盖率在12%范围内,足以检测到能量沉积几keVee的事件。这表明这种新型的PMT适用于实验性应用,尤其适用于基于LAr的实验进行的直接暗物质搜索。

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